Doctor Doom, Unrivaled + Doomsday

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Overview

Doomsday builds a small library (usually five cards) you then draw from; Doctor Doom’s activated ability resolves by performing a draw, then making you lose 1 life, then immediately checking “if your library has no cards in it, you win the game.” Because that win check is performed as part of the ability’s resolution, it happens before state-based actions are checked for losing due to attempting to draw from an empty library [120.4] / having attempted to draw from an empty library [704.5b] or for having 0 or less life [704.5a]. Therefore if Doomsday is used to arrange a pile and you use Doctor Doom to draw the last card (or activate Doctor Doom when your library is already empty), the Doctor Doom ability will let you win immediately as it resolves, unless a simultaneous win/loss rule causes you to lose instead [104.3f]; the game ends immediately when someone wins [104.1].

The StackRules & CitationsDetails & Edge Cases

Step 1

Cast Doomsday; it exiles the rest of your library and graveyard and puts the five chosen cards (or however many exist if fewer) on top of your library [2018-03-16].

Step 2

At a time you can activate Doctor Doom, tap it to resolve the ability: the ability first has you draw a card, then has you lose 1 life, then immediately checks whether your library has no cards in it (all as part of the same effect resolution).

Step 3

If the draw you performed removed the last card from your library (i.e., you drew the last card of the Doomsday pile), then after the draw and the lose-1-life instruction the ability’s 'if your library has no cards in it, you win the game' condition is true and you win immediately as the ability resolves.

Step 4

If your library was already empty when the draw was attempted, the draw attempt would normally cause you to lose at the next state-based check [120.4]/[704.5b], but Doctor Doom’s ability still executes its subsequent instructions during resolution and will perform the win check; the ability’s text explicitly allows you to win even if you 'didn't draw a card.' If the win occurs during resolution, the game ends immediately and the pending state-based loss never takes effect [104.1].

Step 5

If some other effect causes you to both win and lose at the exact same instant, the simultaneous-win/lose rule makes you lose instead [104.3f].

Resolution

If you cast Doomsday and arrange a small pile, drawing the last card with Doctor Doom’s ability will cause you to win during that ability’s resolution because the ability’s “then if your library has no cards in it, you win the game” check is performed as part of resolution (so it happens before state-based actions for drawing from an empty library [120.4]/[704.5b] or having 0 or less life [704.5a] are applied). Activating Doctor Doom when your library is already empty will also let you win as the ability resolves (the card even notes “You win even if you have 0 life or didn't draw a card”). The one exception is if an effect causes you to both win and lose at the exact same time; in that case you lose under the simultaneous win/lose rule [104.3f]. The game ends immediately when the win effect resolves [104.1].